As dogs get older, their eye health can also be affected. One of the most serious eye diseases in aging pets is glaucoma in senior dogs.
In simple words, glaucoma is a condition where the clear fluid inside the eye (called aqueous humor) does not drain properly. Normally, this fluid flows in and out to keep the eye healthy. But when it doesn’t drain, the fluid builds up and causes pressure inside the eye. This increased pressure slowly damages the optic nerve — the nerve that sends signals from the eye to the brain. Once the optic nerve is affected, the dog gradually starts losing vision.
What makes this disease dangerous is that glaucoma often goes unnoticed in the beginning, because the early signs are very mild.
In this article, we explain everything dog parents need to know about glaucoma, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and how to care for a senior dog with glaucoma.
Why Does Glaucoma Happen in Senior Dogs?
Glaucoma usually develops in two main ways:
1. Primary Glaucoma
- This form is genetic, meaning some dogs are born with a higher risk.
- Certain breeds are more likely to get it, such as Basset Hounds, Beagles, Huskies, Cocker Spaniels, and Shih Tzus.
- It usually affects both eyes because of an abnormal drainage angle inside the eye.
2. Secondary Glaucoma
- This is more common in senior dogs and is caused by another eye condition.
- Main causes include:
- Cataracts
- Lens dislocation
- Eye injury or infection
- Eye tumors or cancer
Symptoms of Glaucoma in Senior Dogs
Glaucoma is a medical emergency. Early detection can save a dog’s eyesight.
Early Symptoms:
- Red eyes – the first noticeable change.
- Eye pain – the dog may squint, keep eyes closed, avoid touch, or lower its head.
- Enlarged pupil – the black center of the eye looks bigger and may not react to light.
- Frequent blinking – due to discomfort and pain.
- Other signs – watery eyes, rubbing face against walls/floor, lethargy, loss of interest in play.
Severe Symptoms:
- Cloudy or bluish eyes – a white or blue haze on the eye surface.
- Swollen or bulging eyes – the eye may look bigger or pushed outward.
- Blindness signs – bumping into objects, struggling on stairs, confusion in the dark.
Diagnosis and Veterinary Care
How Vets Detect Glaucoma:
- Eye examination – checking the eye closely.
- Pressure test (Tonometry) – using a small device called a tonometer to measure eye pressure. This is the most important test.
Treatment Options:
- Medications (to lower eye pressure and relieve pain):
- Beta Blockers (like Timolol) → reduce pressure.
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (like Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide) → reduce fluid production.
- Eye drops → improve fluid drainage or reduce production.
- Pain relief medicines → to keep the dog comfortable.
- Surgery (when medicines don’t work):
- Laser surgery – improves drainage or reduces fluid production.
- Shunt implant – a tiny tube placed in the eye to drain fluid.
- Eye removal (Enucleation) – if the glaucoma is too advanced, the affected eye may be removed to relieve pain and improve quality of life.
Home Care for Senior Dogs with Glaucoma
- Give eye drops and medicines on time. Never skip doses.
- Provide a comfortable environment – reduce bright lights, remove sharp objects.
- Feed a nutritious diet with Vitamin A and Omega-3 fatty acids.
- Reduce stress, as it can increase eye pressure.
- Watch for behavioral changes – adjust furniture if the dog starts bumping into things.
- Take your dog for regular vet checkups.
Living with Blindness
Dogs can adapt surprisingly well to vision loss. They rely more on their sense of smell and hearing.
- Use voice commands and scent cues to guide them.
- Keep your home safe – avoid moving furniture often.
- Maintain a fixed routine so they feel secure.
- Remember, even if your dog loses sight, your love and care will always guide them.
Conclusion
Glaucoma in senior dogs is a serious and painful eye disease that should never be ignored. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and good home care, you can improve your dog’s quality of life.
As a responsible dog parent, schedule regular eye checkups and watch closely for any unusual symptoms. Timely action can make all the difference in protecting your senior dog’s vision and comfort.
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